Download Autopoiesis and Cognition The Realization of the Living Boston Studies in the Philosophy of Science Vol 42 HR Maturana FJ Varela Books
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This is a bold, brilliant, provocative and puzzling work. It demands a radical shift in standpoint, an almost paradoxical posture in which living systems are described in terms of what lies outside the domain of descriptions. Professor Humberto Maturana, with his colleague Francisco Varela, have undertaken the construction of a systematic theoretical biology which attempts to define living systems not as they are objects of observation and description, nor even as in teracting systems, but as self-contained unities whose only reference is to them selves. Thus, the standpoint of description of such unities from the 'outside', i. e. , by an observer, already seems to violate the fundamental requirement which Maturana and Varela posit for the characterization of such system- namely, that they are autonomous, self-referring and self-constructing closed systems - in short, autopoietic systems in their terms. Yet, on the basis of such a conceptual method, and such a theory of living systems, Maturana goes on to define cognition as a biological phenomenon; as, in effect, the very nature of all living systems. And on this basis, to generate the very domains of interac tion among such systems which constitute language, description and thinking.
Download Autopoiesis and Cognition The Realization of the Living Boston Studies in the Philosophy of Science Vol 42 HR Maturana FJ Varela Books
"I agree this is a pivotal book of immense significance in our understanding of not only human cognition, but of science and life itself.
Since the 1920s, scientists have generally rejected any form of vitalism that makes living things unique. This mechanical view regards living organisms as the products of the same physical and chemical laws that affect other objects.
Maturana and Varela in response have identified not reproduction or growth but metabolism as the unique feature of living organisms, the ability to turn foreign matter into one's own substance.
They have gone further to show how the brain's process of information is also a metabolizing process--taking in new information and imcorporating it to improve and enlarge one's facility to process even more information.
Maturana and Varela have given us a whole new paradigm to understand the role of life, cognition, and humanity in the ongoing development of the universe."
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Autopoiesis and Cognition The Realization of the Living Boston Studies in the Philosophy of Science Vol 42 HR Maturana FJ Varela Books Reviews :
Autopoiesis and Cognition The Realization of the Living Boston Studies in the Philosophy of Science Vol 42 HR Maturana FJ Varela Books Reviews
- a book with very interesting technical language. Autopoiesis and self-assembly step by step from the philosophy of biology.
- I can honestly say that there have been few books I have read that are so ambitious as Maturana and Varela's. Moreover, there are even fewer works of such ambition that aren't considered failures. This work is one of such intrigue, originality, and ambition, and it's framework so fascinating in its plausibility, that I have to consider this book a worthy read for anyone interested in philosophy, especially philosophy of science (or, more specifically, philosophy of mind), biology, or cognitive science. My understanding is that this work has been very influential is the dynamical systems approach to cognitive science, and it doesn't surprise me. The work appears to be influenced deeply by cybernetics and, quite possibly (though I cannot say for sure) Immanuel Kant.
That this book can be consider a success, in the sense of its intrigue, is largely due to the authors' competent attempt to describe the organism in every way that we understand it, and with an eye to resolve every philosophical problem that arises therein --thus the label of "ambitious." The reader is taken through the biological and cognitive ins-and-outs of general cognitive function, how it arises by way of autopoiesis, and explores just about every subset handled by the cognitive sciences thinking, natural language, memory, learning, and so on. The views on evolution seemed a bit murky, but have yielded much discussion for me. The work is as philosophical as it is scientific, even in discussions of neurophysiology, which was particularly refreshing aspect of the book, even if one does not agree with much of what is said. Furthermore, I must include that there are a number of pragmatic issues that are handled, which may interest the slightly more general reader, such as whether purposiveness is truly exhibited in autopoietic system (e.g., organisms), or what our stance should be about regarding individuals and collectives (a discussion that takes one's mind to political-economic arguments based on evolution, or other themes like that of E. O. Wilson's "Socio-biology," to name a couple.)
Though dated, certainly not antiquated, this work serves as an influence (probably an influence for David Chalmers) and, at the very least, a source of stimulation for thought; and there are very few books which I can list as being more fascinating than this. The one downside that some readers might see in the book is that it, at times, feels like you being fed a bunch of koans or some kind of Eastern mysticism. That is, through a large swathe of the text, the reader is being told "what autopoiesis is not"; very Taoist, was the sentiment I had.
A point should be made regarding the difficult of the text, especially for the more general reader or scientist without much philosophy background. The text is incredibly tortuous on the mind, because, as with all uniquely and original texts, it is next to impossible to understand what the authors mean to say on the first reading without some primer or extensive knowledge of how to treat abstruse philosophical texts. In fact, Maturana says so much in his introduction to the entire monograph, suggesting that the reader read the entire text before trying to understand it all. Only once the reader has run the course once can he or she have a feel and a basis for understanding the text. This is one of those books, not unlike Hegel, where you have to read quickly, get a sense, and then reread.
I definitely recommend this book, if your interests are among those I have listed. - I agree this is a pivotal book of immense significance in our understanding of not only human cognition, but of science and life itself.
Since the 1920s, scientists have generally rejected any form of vitalism that makes living things unique. This mechanical view regards living organisms as the products of the same physical and chemical laws that affect other objects.
Maturana and Varela in response have identified not reproduction or growth but metabolism as the unique feature of living organisms, the ability to turn foreign matter into one's own substance.
They have gone further to show how the brain's process of information is also a metabolizing process--taking in new information and imcorporating it to improve and enlarge one's facility to process even more information.
Maturana and Varela have given us a whole new paradigm to understand the role of life, cognition, and humanity in the ongoing development of the universe. - This small volume is a seminal work. It is made up of four papers, each of which can be read in its own right Humberto Maturana wrote the Introduction and the essay 'Biology of Cognition' (1970); while together with Francisco Varela he co-authored 'Autopoeisis the organization of the living' (1973). Stafford Beer contributes an enthusiastic and clear Preface for the joint paper, in which he described its historical importance.
The significance of this book has not lessened since the time of its first publication in 1980. In all this time, there have been no substantive refutations as to the authors' claims, that autopoiesis represents a ground shift in our understanding of the molecular dynamics which realise living. Many readers might be reading this review from the context of other disciplines than biology such as cognitive science, A.I. artificial life, social theory, philosophy, law, family therapy, in all of which this work has had a major impact over the past forty years. The reader from neurophysiology and biology is likely to have a somewhat different experience, in that the authors describe a radically new approach to living, one which has important statements about the biological bases for the evolutionary emergence of so-called higher human functions such as cognition, mind, and language.
The original investigations described here provided a key component for the development of reflexive approaches whether in the arts, philosophy or psychotherapy.
The long term implications of this new paradigm are still to be decided, but this foundational work is enormously relevant to the contemporary debate concerning sustainability and the emergence (or not) of a truly global community.
This is not an easy book, nor should it be. But it is fascinating and enormously rewarding for the serious reader in whatever the domain. It explains the theoretical grounding for recent studies concerning the origins of humanness in the biology of love, by Gerda Verden Zoller and Maturana.
Both Maturana and Varela in somewhat different ways, were to go on to indicate reasons to seriously question the notion of genetic determinism and any biological bases for inequality in human affairs, demonstrating how and why humanness itself in its more benevolent aspects can be shown to emerges from the biological autonomy of organisms, which when braided in their recurrent coordinations of actions to other autonomous individuals through the mechanisms they describe, realise an ethics of personal responsibility and love.
